考虑非期望产出的制造业能源生态效率地区差异研究——基于SBM和Tobit模型的两阶段分析

doi:10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2019.11.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目前，全球制造业竞争格局正面临重构，为了提升我国制造业国际竞争力，需要进一步提高制造业能源生态效率。本文考虑生产过程中的非期望产出，将制造业废气、废水、固体废物排放量纳入产出变量，首先构建SBM模型对我国2000-2016年30个省市的制造业能源生态效率进行测算，接着对制造业能源生态效率地区差异进行深入分析，最后采用Tobit模型对全国及东中西地区制造业能源生态效率的影响因素进行实证分析。结果显示全国历年制造业能源生态效率均值为0.44，总体处于中低等发展水平，省际差异显著。制造业能源生态效率整体上呈现上升趋势，纯技术效率较低是制约制造业能源生态效率上升的主要原因。统计期内东部地区综合效率值明显高于中西部地区，但规模效率显著低于中西部地区。经济发展水平对全国及东中西部制造业能源生态效率的影响最为显著，其影响效应分别为0.079、0.123、0.172和0.104。除经济发展水平外，研发投入、能源消费结构等因素对全国及东中西部制造业能源生态效率影响程度均不相同。为了提高我国制造业整体能源生态效率，缩小空间差异，总体上应采取优化制造业产业结构、实施创新驱动战略、提升清洁能源消费比重、改善国企公司治理等，而各地区应依据综合效率分解结果及各因素影响效应采用相适用的对策。

关键词: 制造业, 能源生态效率, 地区差异, SBM模型, Tobit模型

Abstract: At present, the global manufacturing competition pattern is facing restructuring. In order to enhance international competitiveness in China's manufacturing industry, further improving energy eco-efficiency in manufacturing industry is needed. Considering undesirable outputs in the production process, the emissions of waste gas, waste water and solid waste from manufacturing industry are included in the output variables. SBM model is used to calculate energy eco-efficiency in manufacturing industry of 30 provinces from 2000 to 2016 in the paper. Then the regional differences of energy eco-efficiency in manufacturing industry are analyzed. Finally Tobit model is applied to analyze the influencing factors of energy eco-efficiency in manufacturing industry. The results show that the average annual efficiency is 0.44, which is in the middle and low level of development. The differences between provinces are remarkable. On the whole, energy eco-efficiency in manufacturing industry is on the rise. The low pure technical efficiency is the main reason that restricts energy eco-efficiency in manufacturing industry. In the statistical period, the comprehensive efficiency value of the eastern region is obviously higher than that of the central and western regions. The main reason is that the pure technical efficiency of the eastern region is obviously higher than that of the central and western regions. Management and technology level of manufacturing industry in the eastern region is significantly superior to the midwest of China. But the scale efficiency of the eastern region is significantly lower than the midwest. According to Wuli-Shili-Renli system methodology, seven influencing factors, such as economic development level, R&D investment, energy consumption structure and so on are selected, and the model of influencing factors of energy eco-efficiency in manufacturing industry is constructed. The results show that economic development level has the most significant effects on manufacturing energy eco-efficiency in the whole country and the regions. The regression coefficients are 0.079,0.123,0.172 and 0.104 respectively. Apart from economic development level, other influencing factors have different effects on manufacturing energy eco-efficiency in the whole country and the regions. The effect of R&D investment on manufacturing energy eco-efficiency in the whole country and the eastern region is positive,but it is negative to the midwest. The effect of energy consumption structure on manufacturing energy eco-efficiency in the whole country and the eastern region is negative but positive to the central region. The effect of property right structure on manufacturing energy eco-efficiency in the whole country, the eastern and central regions is positive. The effect of openness to the outside world on manufacturing energy eco-efficiency in the whole country is negative but positive to the eastern region. The effect of labor quality on manufacturing energy eco-efficiency in the whole country is positive. The effect of environmental regulation on manufacturing energy eco-efficiency in the whole country and the midwest is negative. In order to improve the overall energy eco-efficiency in China's manufacturing industry and reduce regional differences, in general, the paper puts forward some suggestions such as optimizing industrial structure in manufacturing industry, implementing innovation-driven strategies, increasing the proportion of clean energy consumption, improving corporate governance of state-owned enterprises, reducing the proportion of exports of energy-intensive products, training high-quality manufacturing personnel and improving environmental governance mechanisms. Each region should adopt the applicable countermeasures according to the results of comprehensive efficiency decomposition and the actual regression results of the influencing factors on energy eco-efficiency.

Key words: manufacturing industry, energy eco-efficiency, regional difference, SBM model, Tobit model

中图分类号:

F124.5

李根, 刘家国, 李天琦. 考虑非期望产出的制造业能源生态效率地区差异研究——基于SBM和Tobit模型的两阶段分析[J]. 中国管理科学, 2019, 27(11): 76-87.

LI Gen, LIU Jia-guo, LI Tian-qi. Regional Differences of Energy Eco-efficiency in Manufacturing Industry under Consideration of Undesirable Outputs Based on the SBM-Tobit Two-stage Model[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2019, 27(11): 76-87.

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