主管:中国科学院
主办:中国优选法统筹法与经济数学研究会
   中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院

中国管理科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1): 31-41.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2021.1714

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基于文本分析的商业银行金融科技测度及赋能效果检验

胡俊1,李强2(),戴嘉诚2,曾勇2   

  1. 1.西南财经大学金融学院,四川 成都 611130
    2.电子科技大学经济与管理学院,四川 成都 611731
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-26 修回日期:2022-02-28 出版日期:2024-01-25 发布日期:2024-02-08
  • 通讯作者: 李强 E-mail:liq@uestc.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(71972027);四川省软科学研究计划(2022JDR0290)

Textual Analysis-based Measurement of Fintech and tests of Enabling Effect for Commercial Banks

Jun Hu1,Qiang Li2(),Jiacheng Dai2,Yong Zeng2   

  1. 1.School of Finance, Southwest University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu 611130, China
    2.School of Management and Economics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
  • Received:2021-08-26 Revised:2022-02-28 Online:2024-01-25 Published:2024-02-08
  • Contact: Qiang Li E-mail:liq@uestc.edu.cn

摘要:

发展金融科技是商业银行数字化转型和践行普惠金融的重要战略选择。现有研究既缺乏银行个体层面金融科技水平的统一测度,也鲜少定量考察银行金融科技的赋能效果。本文利用超过17万条有关商业银行报道的新闻文本,运用命名实体识别、预训练词向量、LDA主题模型等多种自然语言处理技术,构建了“商业银行金融科技”和“商业银行名称”两个基础词库,首次测度了2011-2019年间1566家银行个体层面的金融科技发展指数。进一步,利用财务数据完整的472家银行的面板数据,基于银行经营和普惠金融两个角度的赋能证据表明:金融科技不仅可以通过提高运营、服务、风控三个层面的能力而提升银行经营绩效,还能通过提高贷款规模而增加信贷可得性,但未能同时降低贷款利率,存在因便利溢价或定价歧视导致的“普而不惠”问题。

关键词: 金融科技, 商业银行, 赋能效果, 自然语言处理

Abstract:

With the deep integration of digital technologies, such as big data and artificial intelligence, with financial business, the rapid development of financial technology (Fintech) is profoundly changing and reshaping the financial industry all over the world. In China, there are over 4600 licensed institutions in the banking industry and their total assets have accounted for more than 90% of that of all financial institutions as of 2019, and hence commercial banks are seen as the most important force for serving the real economy and driving the development of technology-enabled finance. In practice, most commercial banks have treated developing Fintech as an important strategy for realizing digital transformation and promoting financial inclusion. However, existing research pays little attention to the measuring of Fintech for each bank at the individual level, and thus there is a lack of the corresponding quantitative investigation on the enabling effect of Fintech for banks.It aims to measure the level of Fintech for commercial banks at the individual level and then investigate the enabling effects of Fintech on banks’ operating performance as well as inclusive finance. Specifically, based on more than 170000 textual news publicly reported by an authoritative financial website, multiple natural language processing technologies including named entity recognition, pre-training word embedding model, and LDA topic model are used to construct two basic thesauruses about commercial bank names and banking Fintech, and then Fintech Development Index for 1566 banks from 2011 to 2019 is constructed. Using a panel data from 472 banks with complete financial data, the findings of the investigation about the enabling effects of Fintech show that Fintech can not only improve the banks’ operating performance by significantly enhancing their operation ability, service ability, and risk control ability, but also is beneficial for expanding access to credit by stimulating banks to increase loan supply. However, it is found that banks’ Fintech fails to decrease loan rates, which indicates a “universal but not inclusive” problem in Fintech lending due to convenience premium or pricing discrimination.The contributions of the paper are threefold. Firstly, compared with the existing literature on measuring the development of Internet finance or digital finance at the national or regional level, the development of Fintech at the individual bank level is measured using publicly reported textual news and a variety of natural language processing techniques. The methodologies associated with automatedly constructing thesaurus and separation of compound Chinese words also provide an important reference for textual analysis-based research. Secondly, the mechanism of how Fintech can enable the banking industry is uncovered by a large-sample investigation on the effects of Fintech on banks’ operation as well as financial inclusion. Thirdly, as researchers are beginning to discuss the negative consequences of Fintech development, supplementary evidence at the cross-bank level on the “universal but not inclusive” problem in Fintech lending is provided.

Key words: Fintech, commercial banks, enabling effect, natural language processing

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