供应链竞争下制造商数字化转型的博弈均衡研究

doi:10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2021.1572

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

数字经济正在深刻变革制造业的基础理念与价值创造逻辑，把握数字化转型的战略时机成为制造商面对的重要决策问题。本文考虑两个由制造商与零售商组成的竞争性供应链，使用动态博弈模型分析制造商数字化转型的博弈均衡与最优策略选择。研究结果表明：任一制造商先于竞争对手实施数字化转型均可实现自身利润、下游零售商利润与供应链市场份额最大化；制造商数字化转型对采用传统技术的竞争对手造成的技术冲击大于技术溢出，削减竞争对手利润并攫取其供应链的市场份额；在数字化转型的策略选择上，两个制造商无论是先后还是同时决策，全部实施数字化转型将产生双赢效应，提升制造商利润并形成供应链竞争的纳什均衡。研究结论有助于深入认识数字化转型对企业价值创造及市场竞争格局的作用机理。

关键词: 数字化转型, 供应链竞争, 技术溢出, 动态博弈

Abstract:

The digital economy is profoundly changing the fundamental principles and value creation logic of the manufacturing industry and has become a new driving force leading economic growth. However， the digital economy also exerts great pressure on the traditional development model of the manufacturing industry. Some firms implementing digital transformation may not only use their market power to occupy excess monopoly profits but also curb the living space of traditional manufacturers by technological advantages. Therefore， choosing an appropriate opportunity to implement digital transformation is an important decision issue faced by manufacturers.Two competitive supply chains consisting of one manufacturer and one retailer are consided， and dynamic game models are employed to analyze the optimal strategy and game equilibrium of manufacturers' digital transformation. The results show that either of the two manufacturers can maximize its own profits， downstream retailer profits， and supply chain market share by implementing digital transformation ahead of its competitors. It is also found that manufacturers' digital transformation will generate technological shocks and technological spillovers on the competitor who adopt traditional technologies， and the effect of technological shocks is greater than technological spillovers， which not only reduces the competitor's profits but also grabs its supply chain's market share. Regarding the strategic decision of digital transformation， whether the two manufacturers make decisions in sequence or at the same time， both of them implementing digital transformation will have a win-win effect， increasing manufacturers' profits and forming a Nash equilibrium of supply chain competition.Two key contributions are made to the literature. On the one hand， different from the previous research on digital transformation， not only the technological spillovers of digital transformation to incumbent firms are considered but also the impact of technological shocks about digital transformation on market competition is examined. The strategic decision of manufacturers' digital transformation is analyzed from the perspective of supply chain competition and theoretical support is provided for a deeper understanding of the mechanism of digital transformation on market competition. On the other hand， the literature in the field of supply chain competition and dynamic games mainly focuses on the game among firms in the traditional economic context， and seldom pays attention to the new business phenomena in the digital economy. The dynamic game models are used to analyze the Nash equilibrium of manufacturers' digital transformation in supply chain competition， the conditions for achieving a win-win effect between manufacturers are investigated， and the strategic decision for manufacturers is discussed to maximize profits under different strategy profiles， thereby enriching the literature in the field of supply chain competition and dynamic game.

Key words: digital transformation, supply chain competition, technological spillover, dynamic game

中图分类号:

F273.1

张华,顾新. 供应链竞争下制造商数字化转型的博弈均衡研究[J]. 中国管理科学, 2024, 32(6): 163-172.

Hua Zhang,Xin Gu. Equilibrium Analysis of Manufacturers' Digital Transformation Strategy under Supply Chain Competition[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2024, 32(6): 163-172.

图/表 10

表1

TT与DD策略组合的博弈均衡解"

均衡解	TT策略组合	DD策略组合
$k 1 *$	—	$G [3 γ 2 A (8 + B) - G 2] 3 [54 γ 1 γ 2 A - (γ 1 + γ 2) G 2]$
$k 2 *$	—	$G [3 γ 1 A (10 - B) - G 2] 3 [54 γ 1 γ 2 A - (γ 1 + γ 2) G 2]$
$w 1 *$	$A (8 + B) 3 + c$	$A (8 + B) + (G - 3 α) k 1 * - (G + 3 β) k 2 * 3 + c$
$w 2 *$	$A (10 - B) 3 + c$	$A (10 - B) - (G + 3 β) k 1 * + (G - 3 α) k 2 * 3 + c$
$p 1 *$	$4 A (8 + B) 9 + c$	$4 A (8 + B) + (4 G - 9 α) k 1 * - (4 G + 9 β) k 2 * 9 + c$
$p 2 *$	$4 A (10 - B) 9 + c$	$4 A (10 - B) - (4 G + 9 β) k 1 * + (4 G - 9 α) k 2 * 9 + c$
$D 1 *$	$(8 + B) 18$	$A (8 + B) + G k 1 * - G k 2 * 18 A$
$D 2 *$	$(10 - B) 18$	$A (10 - B) - G k 1 * + G k 2 * 18 A$

表1

表2

DT与TD策略组合的博弈均衡解"

均衡解	DT策略组合	TD策略组合
$k 1 *$	$G A (8 + B) 54 γ 1 A - G 2$	—
$k 2 *$	—	$G A (10 - B) 54 γ 2 A - G 2$
$w 1 *$	$A (8 + B) + (G - 3 α) k 1 * 3 + c$	$A (8 + B) - (G + 3 β) k 2 * 3 + c$
$w 2 *$	$A (10 - B) - (G + 3 β) k 1 * 3 + c$	$A (10 - B) + (G - 3 α) k 2 * 3 + c$
$p 1 *$	$4 A (8 + B) + (4 G - 9 α) k 1 * 9 + c$	$4 A (8 + B) - (4 G + 9 β) k 2 * 9 + c$
$p 2 *$	$4 A (10 - B) - (4 G + 9 β) k 1 * 9 + c$	$4 A (10 - B) + (4 G - 9 α) k 2 * 9 + c$
$D 1 *$	$A (8 + B) + G k 1 * 18 A$	$A (8 + B) - G k 2 * 18 A$
$D 2 *$	$A (10 - B) - G k 1 * 18 A$	$A (10 - B) + G k 2 * 18 A$

表2

图1

表3

制造商的决策矩阵"

	制造商2(D)	制造商2(T)
制造商1(D)	$π M 1 D D , π M 2 D D $	$π M 1 D T , π M 2 D T $
制造商1(T)	$π M 1 T D , π M 2 T D $	$π M 1 T T , π M 2 T T $

表3

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

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