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中国管理科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (6): 219-228.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2021.0703cstr: 32146.14.j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2021.0703

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考虑交叉网络外部性下平台竞争的定价策略研究

唐方成1,郭欢2,程立燕3()   

  1. 1.北京航空航天大学经济管理学院, 北京 100191
    2.东南大学经济管理学院, 江苏 南京 211189
    3.北京化工大学经济管理学院, 北京 100029
  • 收稿日期:2021-04-10 修回日期:2021-11-04 出版日期:2024-06-25 发布日期:2024-07-03
  • 通讯作者: 程立燕 E-mail:chengliyan@mail.buct.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(71532003);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(buctrc201804);北京化工大学一流学科建设专项资金(XK1802-5)

Pricing Strategy of Platform Competition Considering Crossnetwork Externality

Fangcheng Tang1,Huan Guo2,Liyan Chen3()   

  1. 1.School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
    2.School of Economics and Management, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
    3.School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
  • Received:2021-04-10 Revised:2021-11-04 Online:2024-06-25 Published:2024-07-03
  • Contact: Liyan Chen E-mail:chengliyan@mail.buct.edu.cn

摘要:

平台经济在我国随着移动互联网的普及而蓬勃发展,平台之间的竞争正受到学术界的广泛关注。在双边市场理论框架下,考虑交叉网络外部性特征分析平台竞争的特点,对新进平台与在位平台竞争下的定价策略展开研究。运用改进的Hotelling模型构建平台竞争博弈模型,以平台收益最大化为目标,探讨了平台间的用户规模、用户转换成本如何影响平台竞争中的定价策略,而新进平台又如何进行差异化与兼容战略选择。结果表明:用户转换成本和在位平台已有的用户规模是新进平台进入市场的最大壁垒,而新进平台可以通过实施积极的差异化战略与兼容性战略缓解与在位平台的竞争强度,平台差异化会提高平台的收益水平,处于劣势地位的新进平台将偏好于完全兼容策略,逐渐减小与在位平台的差距,进而提升新进平台的定价优势与市场收益。

关键词: 平台竞争, 转换成本, 双边市场, 交叉网络外部性, 用户规模

Abstract:

In recent years, platform economy has gradually become the main driving force to promote economic development, and ecosystem has become an important supporting point for enterprises to keep strategic competition. The layout of ecosystem plays an important role in the development of enterprises, especially the Internet platform. The platform needs to gradually improve its own ecosystem and actively distribute in complementary areas. In fact, new platforms need to compete with existing platforms, different platforms will have fierce competition in order to grab market users in the same field.Under the framework of bilateral market theory, considering the characteristics of platform competition based on the cross network externality, the pricing strategy of the competition between new platforms and existing platforms is analyzed. Using the improved Hotelling model to construct the platform competition game model, aiming at maximizing the platform revenue, it is discussed how the user scale and user conversion cost between platforms affect the pricing strategy in the platform competition, and how the new platform makes the choice of differentiation and compatibility strategy. The platform describes the horizontal differentiation degree of the platform based on the differentiated positioning of different user preferences. The asymmetric state of both platforms is described by user conversion. The greater the user conversion cost, the greater the comparative advantage of the existing platform. The platform can choose whether it is compatible with some users of the competitive platform.The results show that the user scale of platform enterprises is the key source of competitive advantage. The higher the user conversion cost, the greater the pricing power owned by incumbent platform, and the greater the scale advantage of bilateral users of the incumbent platform. The differentiation strategy not only increases the pricing power of new platforms to users, but also increases the profitability of new platforms ultimately. The compatibility strategy changes the pricing structure and user scale of bilateral users of the platform. The platform often charges a low price to the user who belongs to one side of the platform and a high price to the user who belongs to more than one side of the platform. Compatibility will motivate the platform to implement the maximum differentiation strategy. The user conversion cost and the user scale of the existing platform are the biggest barriers for the new platform to enter the market, and the new platform can alleviate the competition intensity with the existing platform by implementing the positive differentiation strategy and compatibility strategy. The platform differentiation will improve the income level of the platform, and the new platform at a disadvantage will prefer the full compatibility strategy, so as to gradually reduce the gap with the existing platform, and improve the pricing advantage and market revenue of the new platform. The research results are helpful to study the pricing strategy of competition between new platforms and existing platforms, to study how new platforms make up the gap between new platforms and existing platforms, and to provide theoretical guidance for the competition between asymmetric scale platforms.

Key words: platform competition, switching costs, two-sided market, crossnetwork externality, user scale

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