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中国管理科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (8): 204-213.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2021.2121cstr: 32146.14.j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2021.2121

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考虑异质性策略消费者等待时间的产品定价换代策略研究

蔺康康1,刘新民2(),王垒3   

  1. 1.山东科技大学经济管理学院, 山东 青岛 266590
    2.青岛农业大学经济管理学院, 山东 青岛 266109
    3.中国海洋大学经济学院, 山东 青岛 266100
  • 收稿日期:2021-10-18 修回日期:2022-03-02 出版日期:2024-08-25 发布日期:2024-08-29
  • 通讯作者: 刘新民 E-mail:liu-xinmin@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(71371111);山东乡村振兴实践研究院项目(XCZX2023112);山东省高等学校哲学社会科学研究项目(2024ZSMS119);青岛市社会科学规划研究项目(QDSKL2301183)

Product Pricing and Rollover Strategy Based on the Waiting Time for Heterogeneous Strategic Consumers

Kangkang Lin1,Xinmin Liu2(),Lei Wang3   

  1. 1.College of Economics and Management, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
    2.College of Economics and Management, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
    3.School of Economics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
  • Received:2021-10-18 Revised:2022-03-02 Online:2024-08-25 Published:2024-08-29
  • Contact: Xinmin Liu E-mail:liu-xinmin@163.com

摘要:

厂商通过频繁推出新产品提高市场份额,由于策略消费者的存在,导致产品之间出现延迟效应与竞食效应。考虑策略消费者是随时间陆续到达市场,研究垄断厂商推出新产品的最优换代策略与均衡定价。基于策略消费者的效用函数确定产品的购买区间,构建多阶段动态博弈模型与收益率函数确定两种换代方式下垄断厂商均衡定价的演化路径,并通过仿真模拟探讨策略消费者等待成本系数、老产品折扣价格对垄断厂商不同换代方式下关键销售时点与利润的影响。研究结果表明:共生换代策略能够提高市场占有率,而单品换代策略在利润上更有优势;共生换代策略加剧了产品之间的竞争,导致新产品的均衡价格低于单品换代策略;垄断厂商的收益率在整个销售期内表现出阶段性特征,单品换代策略可以实现更高的收益率;策略消费者等待时间成本和老产品第二阶段定价不仅影响垄断厂商的利润,还对两种换代策略下产品的销售区间有重要影响,尤其是在共生换代策略下,当老产品第二阶段定价达到阈值时,策略消费者不会选择等待购买老产品。

关键词: 策略消费者, 产品换代策略, 最优定价, 等待时间, 收益率函数

Abstract:

The rapid development of technology and the diversification of consumer demand have inspired manufacturers to speed up the pace of technological innovation, and the phenomenon of product rollover is more frequent. Due to the existence of strategic consumers, there is a delay effect and competition effect between two successive-generation products, which makes the product pricing and rollover strategy of manufacturers more complicated, ignoring strategic consumers will lead to loss of profits in the supply chain.Considering a stationary flow of heterogeneous strategic consumers that arrive over time, a monopoly firm’s rollover strategy and optimal pricing are studied. In this paper, the strategic consumers’ utility function is constructed to distinguish the purchase range of new and old products, and a multi-stage dynamic game model and the revenue rate function are built to determine the evolution trajectory of the equilibrium pricing under the two rollover strategies. The impact of strategic consumers’ waiting cost coefficient, old product’s discount pricing on key selling points and profit through simulation is explored.The research indicates that the dual rollover strategy can improve market share, and single rollover strategy is more advantageous in profit. The dual rollover strategy exacerbates competition between the old and new products, which causes the equilibrium price is lower than that of single rollover strategy. The revenue rate shows periodic characteristics in the whole sales period, and the single rollover strategy can achieve higher revenue rate. Strategic consumers’ wait time cost and the old product’s discount pricing not only affect the profits of the monopoly firm, but also have important impact on the sales section of the two rollover strategies. Moreover, under the dual rollover strategy, when the price of the old product reaches the threshold in the second stage, the strategic consumers will not choose to wait for the old product.Based on the above analyses, it is proposed that manufacturers need to strengthen brand building and advertising, improve the innovation level of new products, and further promote strategic consumers to buy in advance. Especially in the dual rollover mode, manufacturers need to take into account the profit and the inventory of new and old products, so as to set a reasonable price. It is expected that this research can provide some meaningful reference for manufacturers to alleviate strategic consumer behavior.

Key words: strategic consumer, product rollover strategy, optimal pricing, waiting time, revenue rate function

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