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中国管理科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (12): 37-48.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2022.1059

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干散货船舶市场的套期保值研究

隋聪1,2(), 任昭诺1, 施文磊1, 赵鑫2, 王文洋1,2   

  1. 1.大连海事大学航运经济与管理学院,辽宁 大连 116026
    2.大连海事大学综合交通运输协同创新中心,辽宁 大连 116026
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-12 修回日期:2022-12-18 出版日期:2024-12-25 发布日期:2025-01-02
  • 通讯作者: 隋聪 E-mail:suicong2004@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(72371045)

Study on Hedging of Dry Bulk Ship Market

Cong Sui1,2(), Zhaonuo Ren1, Wenlei Shi1, Xin Zhao2, Wenyang Wang1,2   

  1. 1.School of Maritime Economics and Management,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026,China
    2.Collaborative Innovation Center for Transport Studies,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026,China
  • Received:2022-05-12 Revised:2022-12-18 Online:2024-12-25 Published:2025-01-02
  • Contact: Cong Sui E-mail:suicong2004@163.com

摘要:

航运市场具有很高的波动性,船舶风险管理对于船东、造船厂以及投资者具有重要意义。本文通过BDI指数、TC期租及分航线运费所对应的FFA合约,分别利用直接累加和贴现累加两种方法构造了不同期限的投资组合。利用FFA投资组合对主要的干散货船舶(好望角、巴拿马、超灵便),分别进行静态、动态套期保值研究。研究发现,第一,整体上看,动态套期保值效果好于静态套期保值。第二,TC期租的FFA投资组合的套期保值效果更好。第三,在动态套期保值中,贴现累加法的效果要优于直接累加法。本研究为航运市场参与者提供了风险管理的理论依据和操作策略。

关键词: 航运市场, 远期运费协议, 船舶价值, 套期保值, 航运衍生品

Abstract:

Due to the significant volatility within the shipping market, the risk management of vessels’ value has long been a focal point for both theoretical analysis and practical application. Ship risk management holds vital importance for participants in the shipping industry. Hedging vessels’ value within the shipping market is studied through the development of Forward Freight Agreement (FFA) portfolios. Specifically, it utilizes the Baltic Dry Index (BDI), time-charters (TC), and freight rates for various routes to construct 38 different FFA portfolios through different vessel ages. Using these portfolios, hedging strategies for 12 kinds of ship price spanning three types of bulk carriers and four vessel ages is investigated. The main contributions of our research are as follows Firstly, to leverage the discounted cash flow valuation principle, FFAs are employed as surrogate variables for future freight income, to facilitate the construction of portfolios that reflect the vessels’ value. Portfolio construction employs both direct summation and discounted summation methods, with the latter incorporating the discounted value of freight income. Secondly, both static and dynamic hedging techniques are employed, with dynamic hedging utilizing DCC-GARCH and BEKK-GARCH models. Thirdly, a comparative analysis is conducted between portfolios constructed using the two methods, evaluating their effectiveness in hedging vessels’ value across different vessel types and ages under static and dynamic hedging methods. The main findings of this study are as follows Firstly, in static hedging, longer-term FFA portfolios exhibit superior hedging effectiveness. Secondly, within static hedging, FFA portfolios of TC contracts for Panamax and Supramax vessels demonstrate the most efficient hedging, while C3 and C7 route-based FFA portfolios for Capesize outperform those based on BDI and TC rates. Thirdly, overall, dynamic hedging proves more effective than static hedging, with the discounted summation method outperforming direct summation in dynamic hedging strategies. An effective risk management strategy for market participants are presented such as shipowners, ship leasing companies, and ship insurance companies.

Key words: shipping market, forward freight agreements, vessels value, hedging, shipping derivatives

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