针对产品缺货, 本文基于顾客策略性行为在存在顾客无理由退货的条件下对两类缺货保障策略(即公开库存策略和缺货补偿策略)的价值进行了深入研究。本文分别建立了不提供任何缺货保障策略、公开库存保障策略和缺货补偿保障策略的理性预期均衡模型, 通过对模型进行最优化分析发现产品缺货对最优无理由退货价格没有影响;顾客策略购买行为会破坏公开库存策略对销量的积极作用, 但这种破坏作用可以通过提供慷慨的无理由退货服务来弥补, 并且公开真实库存策略的价值优于公开虚假库存;当缺货补偿效用高于补偿成本时(称为有效的缺货补偿), 缺货补偿策略的价值优于公开库存策略。最后, 本文用Matlab软件对上述模型进行算例分析, 验证了文中理论模型的正确性。
Nowadays the out-of-stock phenomenon is very popular, which reduces the utility of the customers. For this problem, the sellers always provide the availability guarantees services. Because it is proved that consumer behaviors have the important influence on the seller's optimal decisions, the value of two availability guarantees including inventory commitment and out-of-stock compensation is studied based on consumer strategic purchasing and returning behaviors. It is assumed that a seller sold the single produce in two sale periods (full price and salvage price). Three models of no any guarantees, inventory commitment and out-of-stock compensation are established. By analyzing these models, it is found that out-of-stock have no effect on the optimal refund, and that consumer strategic purchasing behavior destroys the positive function of inventory commitment which can be offset using unconstrained returning policy, and that the value of truthful commitment is better than the false one. When the utility of compensate is over the cost (called an efficient compensation), the out-of-stock compensation is better than the truthful inventory commitment. At last, using the software Matlab, an analysis of an example was applied and tested our models correctness.
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