考虑政府的三种决策目标,研究了逆向供应链的政府奖惩机制设计问题。分别建立了有无奖惩机制下的逆向供应链博弈模型,得到了政府奖惩力度的均衡解,并对求解结果进行比较,讨论了管理意义,最后通过算例验证了模型的结论并进一步仿真分析了外生变量对决策变量影响。研究表明:政府奖惩机制不仅能够提高废旧电器电子产品的回收率,还能降低新产品零售价,提高回购价,有利于全社会福利的提高;奖惩力度随着市场容量的增加而提高,政府应根据制造商产品的市场容量大小制定奖惩力度而不是对所有制造商制定统一的奖惩力度;政府应综合考虑全社会福利和废旧产品回收带来的环境效益,这样能较好地提高逆向供应链的回收率。
Considering the government's three decision-making goals, the premium and penalty mechanism of government design problem of the reverse supply chain is discussed in this paper. With and without the premium and penalty mechanism is established under the game model of the reverse supply chain, the equilibrium solution of the government premium and penalty mechanism is gained, and the results are compared to discuss management insights. Finally, the conclusions of the model are verified by examples, and further simulation analysis of the influence of exogenous variables on the decision variables is also listed. The study has shown that: the government premium and penalty mechanism can not only improve the recovery rate of waste electrical and electronic products, but also reduce the retail price of new products, improve the repurchase price, which is conducive to the improvement of the welfare of the whole society; premium and penalty efforts are increased with the increase of market capacity, the government should consider the market size of the products of the manufacturer while implementing the premium and penalty mechanism to develop premium and penalty intensity rather than to formulate a unified incentive intensity of all manufacturers.It would be better to improve the recovery rate of the reverse supply chain that the government considering the welfare of the whole society and the environmental effects brought by the collection of waste electrical and electronic products.
[1] 达庆利,黄祖庆,张钦.逆向物流系统结构研究的现状及展望[J].中国管理科学,2004,12(1):131-138.
[2] Kaya O.Incentive and production decisions for remanufacturing operations[J].European Journal of Operational Research, 2010, 201(2):442-453.
[3] 达庆利.供应链管理研究的新动向(专辑的序言)[J].系统工程学报,2008,23(6):641-643.
[4] 熊中楷,申成然,彭志强.专利保护下再制造闭环供应链协调机制研究[J].管理科学学报,2011,14(6):76-85.
[5] Mitra S, Webster S.Competition in remanufacturing and the effects of government subsidies[J].International Journal of Production Economics, 2008, 111(2):287-298.
[6] Chen Y J, Sheu J B.Environmental-regulation pricing strategies for green supply chain management[J].Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 2009,45(5):667-677.
[7] Aksen D, Aras N, Karaarslan A G.Design and analysis of government subsidized collection systems for incentive-dependent returns[J].International Journal of Production Economics, 2009, 119(2):308-327.
[8] Atasu A, Van Wassenhove L N, Sarvary M. Efficient take-back legislation[J]. Production and Operations Management, 2009, 18(3):243-258.
[9] Hammond D, Beullens P. Closed-loop supply chain network equilibrium under legislation[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2007, 183(2): 895-908.
[10] 计国君,黄位旺.回收条例约束下的再制造供应链决策[J].系统工程理论与实践,2010,30(8):1355-1362.
[11] 汪翼,孙林岩,杨洪焦,等.不同回收法律下的再制造供应链决策与合作研究[J].管理科学,2009,22(1):2-8.
[12] 王文宾,达庆利.考虑政府引导的电子类产品逆向供应链奖惩机制设计[J].中国管理科学,2010,18(2):62-67.
[13] 聂佳佳,王文宾,吴庆.奖惩机制对零售商负责回收闭环供应链的影响[J]. 工业工程与管理,2011,16(2):52-59.
[14] 王文宾,达庆利.再制造逆向供应链协调的奖励、惩罚及奖惩机制比较[J].管理工程学报,2010,24(4):48-52.
[15] 王文宾,达庆利.奖惩机制下闭环供应链的决策与协调[J].中国管理科学,2011,19(1):36-41.
[16] 朱庆华,窦一杰.基于政府补贴分析的绿色供应链管理博弈模型[J].管理科学学报,2011,14(6):86-95.
[17] Hong I H, Ke J S. Determining advanced recycling fees and subsidies in "E-scrap" reverse supply chains[J].Journal of Environment Management,2011,92(6):1495-1502.
