本文以单制造商和单零售商组成的两级供应链为研究对象,基于链上成员是否投资RFID技术,考虑四种情景:供应链成员均不投资RFID,仅零售商投资RFID,仅生产商投资RFID及供应链成员共同投资RFID。采用Newsvendor模型建立四种情景时链上成员的收益模型,得出Stackelberg均衡解和供应链成员的最优期望收益,探讨了RFID技术投资对各情景时链上成员收益的影响,得到了供应链成员共同投资RFID时的协调策略。研究表明:当RFID标签成本和零售商库存不准确率在相应的阈值内,零售商或制造商单独投资RFID技术均能提升自身收益,同时对链上其他成员的收益存在"正外部性";此外,收益共享契约能够有效地协调链上成员共同投资RFID技术后的供应链,并且该协调思想丰富并拓展了供应链投资RFID技术的协调研究。
A two-echelon supply chain system with a manufacturer and a retailer is considered, using a Newsvendor model, the players' profit models are built under four scenarios (the supply chain does not adopt RFID technology; Only the retailer adopts RFID technology; Only the manufacturer adopts RFID technology; And the supply chain players adopt RFID technology together)and get the Stackelberg equilibriums and the players' optimal expected revenues. Then the effect of the players' revenue with the investment on RFID technology is discussed and the coordination strategy is obtained when the supply chain players adopt RFID technology together. It is found that whether the adoption of RFID technology by the retailer or the manufacturer will always improve both players' profits when the cost of RFID tag and the rate of inventory inaccuracy are lower than the thresholds. Furthermore, the revenue sharing contract can coordinate the supply chain which both the players adopt RFID technology, and it improves the application theory of RFID technology and it is valuable and significant in supply chain's operations.
[1] Hardgrave B J, Goyal A S. RFID-enabled visibility and retail inventory record inaccuracy: Experiments in the field [J]. Production and Operations Management, 2013, 22(4): 843-856.
[2] Heese H. Inventory record inaccuracy, double, marginalization and RFID adoption[J]. Production and Operations Management, 2007, 16(7): 221-229.
[3] Camdereli A Z, Swaminathan J M. Misplaced inventory and radio-frequency identification (RFID)technology: Information and coordination [J]. Production and Operations Management, 2010, 19(1): 1-18.
[4] Xu Jinpeng, Wei Jiang, Feng Gengzhong, et al. Comparing improvement strategies for inventory inaccuracy in a two-echelon supply chain [J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2012, 221(1): 213-221.
[5] Fan Tijun, Chang Xiangyan Gu Chunhua, et al. Benefits of RFID technology for reducing inventory shrinkage [J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2014, 147 (2):659-665.
[6] 但斌,毛迎迎,徐广业.基于RFID技术的易逝品供应链库存协调[J].计算机集成制造系统,2012,18(10):2280-2286.
[7] 张李浩,范体军.供应链企业投资RFID技术的成本分摊研究[J].中国管理科学,2014,22(4):25-35.
[8] Cachon G. Supply chain coordination with contracts [J]. Handbooks in Operations Research and Management Science, 2003,11:227-339.
[9] 张李浩,胡继灵.VMI下采用RFID技术对供应链收益的影响与协调[J].管理学报,2013,10(4):590-596.
[10] 范体军,张李浩,吴峰.RFID技术压缩提前期对供应链收益的影响与协调[J].中国管理科学,2013,21(2):114-122.
[11] Gaukler M, Seifert R W, Hausman W H. Item-level RFID in the retail supply chain [J]. Production and Operations Management, 2007, 1(1): 65-76.
[12] Keith A, Tig G, Kathryn G, et al. Focus on the supply chain: Auto-ID within the distribution center[R]. Working Paper,Auto-ID Center, MIT, 2002.
[13] 张李浩,胡继灵,范体军,等.基于临界价格的易变质商品生产企业RFID采用决策[J].中国管理科学,2012,20(2):144-151.
[14] Iyer A V, Bergen M E. Quick response in manufacturer-retailer channels [J]. Management Science, 1997, 43(4): 559-570.
