基于博弈论和契约理论,研究了信息不对称条件下双寡头市场质量差异化产品定价过程中虚假信息的问题。消费者与企业关于产品质量信息存在严重不对称,为企业使用虚假质量信息提高企业利润提供了较大的空间。为分析企业使用虚假信息的问题,本文基于Bertrand博弈模型构建了双寡头市场质量差异化产品定价模型并求解企业利润。求解结果表明双寡头市场的纳什博弈均衡解为两企业均使用虚假信息,在此基础上进一步从契约的角度对企业使用虚假信息的问题进行了合理规避。最后运用算例分析验证了模型的正确性。
With the improvement of consumption level, the demand of differential product is growing. In order to improve enterprises' profits, they provide differentiated products of their quality to meet consumer's demands. Abounding differentiated products would be bound to induce product quality information asymmetry problem between enterprises and consumers. This will make enterprises use false information to improve corporate profits. Therefore, this paper constructs a pricing model of differentiated products of their quality in duopoly market based on Bertrand game model, and then analyzes the two enterprises' profits under different information strategy. The results show that the Nash equilibrium for the both enterprises is using false information in duopoly market. On the basis of the results a reasonable solution is provided to avoid the false information from the contract theory. Research finds that enterprises will not get a higher profit using false information under the restriction of punishment. Nevertheless, whether the revenue of the consumers is increased or not, it depends on the degree of penalty. Finally the validity of the model is confirmed through analysis of examples. This paper combines the quality differentiation with asymmetric information, deepen the differentiated product pricing research, and broaden the research scope of information asymmetry.
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