供应链中的企业发生财务困境会以订货量等为载体向链条其他节点传递,可能导致整个链条陷入财务困境。以单一制造商和零售商组成的两级供应链为对象,在需求随机且受企业努力水平影响的条件下,考虑了企业的努力收益及努力成本,描述了财务困境由零售商向制造商传递的过程,运用博弈理论讨论了不同情形下制造商的决策行为,以期控制财务困境的传递。研究结果表明发生财务困境后会出现三种决策组合,在困境较轻的情形下分散决策机制具有一定的自我修复能力,困境较严重时需要制造商改变决策目标以实现自己利益最大化。最后通过算例分析具体验证了模型的实用性。本文的研究成果对资金约束下供应链的协调问题具有指导意义。
Financial distress of an enterprise in a supply chain will pass on to others by quantity of goods etc., which may lead to a distress of the whole supply chain. In a supply chain with single manufacturer and retailer, on the condition that demand is random and influenced by business effort level(e), taking costs of efforts(g(e)) into account, how the financial distress of different level goes from the retailer to the manufacturer is described, and then decisions are made according to the value of financial distress(D). The result shows: When the distress is in different levels, there will be three kinds of decision groups: (max∏m(Q,e),max∏r(Q,e)), (max∏m(Q,e),max∏r(Q,e)), (max∏r(Q,e),max{Rm(Q,e)+Rr(Q,e)}); As the distress is lighter, the supply chain has a certain ability to repair itself; On the contrary, enterprises should change their decisions to protect themselves from the financial distress. At last, a numerical example verifies the conclusion: when D is less than 576, the distress will not be transferred; and when D ranges from 576 to 1871, the distress will be controlled a little; and when D is over 1871, the distress will be passed to the manufacturer. So the financial distress cannot be totally controlled under Decentralized decision-making. In this study, a new perception and a valuable guidance are provided to the supply chain coordination.
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