Based on the definition of aging rate, the population structure is defined as the ratio of aging rate and population growth rate. This structure influences time preference, and is analyzed in Ramsey model. In the saddle balanced growth path, the output growth rate per capita depends on the difference between the technical progress rate and the aging rate. However, the optimal structure in social welfare maximum is not the same as the one in the output growth maximum. The function simulation is also conducted based on the corresponding first order conditions. In order to analyze the influence of population structure parameters on economic system, a special situation is considered. The aging rate is a fixed proportion of the population growth rate and the population growth rate does not affect population structure parameters. The maximization of economic growth requires that the marginal impact of population structure parameters on technological progress is equal to the growth rate of the total population. In order to simplify the analysis of social welfare, the assumption that the technological progress rate is equal to the rate of ageing is given and then the first order condition of the optimal population structure parameters corresponding to social welfare maximization is obtained. The marginal effect of population structure parameters on the utility discount factor should be equal to zero.
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