消费者低碳消费趋势及政府碳排放政策的颁布和实施，迫使企业必须审视自身生产运营中的碳排放问题。本文研究单一销售模式和双销售模式下政府价格补贴、一次性补贴、碳税等政策对低碳供应链决策的作用机制，构建含有一个生产商和一个零售商的低碳供应链集中式决策模型。基于基准模型和三种政策决策模型，解析分析各政策对供应链产品定价和利润的影响。研究结果表明相同减排程度下，双销售模式的产品价格补贴力度大于单一销售方式；从政府角度来看，对于单一销售模式，要使企业达到相同的减排效果应当选择一次性补贴政策，而双销售模式应实行价格补贴政策；政府征收碳税提高了减排边界，促使更多企业进行减排，同时单一销售模式减排边界高于双销售模式；政府应该合理制定碳税，否则会导致企业不愿减排或退出市场。另外仿真分析了减排量对产品价格和供应链利润的影响以及三种政策参数对供应链利润的影响，揭示出相关的管理学启示，本文的研究结论能为政府制定低碳政策提供一定的理论依据。
The trend of consumers' low-carbon consumption and the promulgation and implementation of the government carbon emission policies compel the company to inspect carbon emission of their own production and operations. The effects of government price subsidy, one-time subsidy and carbon tax on the decision-making of low-carbon supply chain under the single and dual sale modes are studied in this paper. A low-carbon supply chain centralized decision-making model with one producer and one retailer is built. On the basis of base model and decision models of three policies, the impacts of each policy on pricing and supply chain profit are explored analytically. The results show that given the same emission reduction degree, the product price subsidy under dual sale mode is greater than that of single sale mode. From the perspective of government, for single sale mode, the company should choose one-time subsidy policy to achieve the same emission reduction effect, while dual sale mode should implement the price subsidy policy. Carbon tax can improve emission reduction boundary to promote much more companies to reduce emission. Emission reduction boundary of single sale model is still higher than that of dual sale mode. Government should make a reasonable carbon tax, otherwise the company will not be willing to reduce emission or withdraw from the market. Additionally, the effects of emission reduction on pricing and supply chain profit as well as the influence of three policies' parameters on supply chain profit have been simulated, and some managerial implications have been revealed. The conclusions of this paper can provide theoretical foundation for the government to formulate low-carbon policy.
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