基于碳税价格对废弃产品回收运营决策的影响考虑，本文从整个社会的视角，把顾客、回收站点、回收总站作为一个整体进行考虑，并分析碳税价格对回收站点数量和成本的影响。首先，将顾客、回收站点和回收处理中心作为整体，考虑能源成本、运营成本和碳排放费用，建立废弃产品回收站点分布的社会总成本模型。接着，对碳税价格为零和碳税价格无穷大两种极端情况，分析了回收站点的数量、碳税价格、社会总成本等因素之间的关系。最后对模型进行数值计算。结果表明：当前碳税价格下，同时考虑碳税成本和运营费用或仅考虑运营费用这两种情况计算出来的回收站点数量相等，单位总成本区别不显著，即碳税价格对运营影响不大；若仅考虑碳税成本，则回收站点数量变化较大，即合理的碳税价格对运营影响显著；碳税价格理想的定价应该在40.03至66.46之间；回收站点数量为66时，碳排放量最优。
As environmental protection has become a worldwide concern, more and more enterprises, out of their social responsibilities, build recycling stations for waste collection when their productions are at the end of life-cycle. If the number of recycling stations is too large, the cost of operation and carbon emission will have to increase, while a limited number of recycling stations will lead to the increase of costs in transportation and carbon emission on the part of customers. The problem of stations distribution of waste collection in the process of recycling is studied. Considering the impact of carbon tax price on the operation decision of waste collection, the customers, recycling stations and recycling centers are taken as a system and the impact of carbon tax on the number and cost of recycling stations is analyzed from the perspective of the whole society. Firstly, combining customers, recycling stations and recycling center as a system, the energy cost, operation cost and carbon emission cost are considered, and total social cost model of stations distribution of waste collection is established. Secondly, the relationship between the number of recycling stations, carbon tax price and total social cost is analyzed, based on the two extreme cases of carbon tax price 0 and carbon tax price infinite respectively. Finally, numerical experiments are performed on the model. Our main findings are concluded as follow:(1) Considering the carbon tax cost and operating expenses or only considering operating expenses under current carbon tax price, the number of recycling stations calculated in the two cases is the same and the difference of unit total cost is not significant. That is because, the current carbon tax price is too low to have significant impact on operation. The number of recycling stations varies greatly if only considering the carbon tax cost, so increasing the number of recycling stations can reduce the carbon emissions. (2) When the carbon tax price is below 40.03, the operation decision is sensitive to the carbon tax price. When the carbon tax is over 153.1, the sensitivity is sharply reduced. The ideal price of carbon tax should be between 40.03 and 66.46. (3) The carbon emissions are optimal when the recycling stations number is 66. The conclusion can be used as a reference for enterprises to establish recycling stations, or it can be used to support the government's carbon tax policy.
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