Abstract:

Improving the resilience of critical infrastructures （CIs） and its ability to prevent and respond to various risks is crucial for maintaining economic stability and social security. The optimization of resource allocation among different CI systems and different stages will directly impact the effectiveness of resilience improvement. This involves making resource allocation decisions for all possible or already damaged CI components and for both the pre-disaster protection and post-disaster restoration efforts. The complex interdependencies among multiple risks and among multiple CIs render the resource allocation more challenging. With the goal of maximizing the resilience of CIs， risk interdependencies are integerated into risk scenarios and incorporate CI interdependencies into constraints. Based on network flow theory， a two-stage stochastic programming model is constructed for protection-restoration resource allocation considering multiple interdependencies. The effectiveness of the proposed model is verified using the example of Region H. Resource allocation plans are developed for various risk scenarios， the necessity of considering multiple interdependencies and the combination of protection and restoration in resource allocation decisions is analyzed， as well as identify the marginal diminishing effects of resource investment on resilience improvement. The research findings provide quantitative evidence for the optimization of resource allocation in multi-risk scenarios， multiple CI systems， and multiple stages. This will assist CI regulatory authorities in preventing and mitigating risks， thereby supporting the construction and operation of resilient cities.

Key words: critical infrastructures, resilience, multiple interdependencies, protection-restoration, resource allocation