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Chinese Journal of Management Science ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (1): 356-368.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2024.1807

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Research on the Optimization of Transaction Tax in China’s Capital Market: Based on the Perspective of Artificial Stock Market

Xiong Xiong1,2, Rongtian Zhou1(), Yibo Wang1, Shen Lin1,2   

  1. 1.College of Management and Economics,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China
    2.Laboratory of Computation and Analytics of Complex Management Systems (CACMS),Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China
  • Received:2024-10-08 Revised:2024-11-14 Online:2025-01-25 Published:2025-02-14
  • Contact: Rongtian Zhou E-mail:zhourongtian3315@163.com

Abstract:

The taxation in the securities market is an important source of fiscal revenue in China. In recent years, the market has continued to be sluggish, and the stamp duty has been reduced repeatedly. Although this can boost market confidence in the short term, it has a significant impact on the total tax revenue. Therefore, whether to reform the transaction tax, how to tax capital gains on the basis of the current reduction in stamp duty, and what market impact the tax reform will have are important issues that the regulatory authorities are concerned about.In this context, an experimental study is conducted on the optimization of transaction taxes by constructing an artificial stock market with the microstructure and trading behavior characteristics of the A-share market. The specific experimental scenarios are as follows:(1)Uniform stamp duty rate experiment. This experiment replicates the current real-market situation of a fixed stamp duty rate and serves as the baseline experiment for the study. Only when this baseline model accurately represents the main features of the stock market, can the subsequent experiments have some persuasiveness.(2)Differential stamp duty rate experiment. In this experiment, the stamp duty rate is adjusted from a uniform mode to a differentiated mode based on the holding period to explore the impact of stamp duty rate adjustments on investor trading and market tax revenue. The stamp duty rate is set as a progressive differential mode based on the holding period, making the trading cost lower for investors with longer holding periods, encouraging long-term investment, and discouraging short-term speculative trading.(3)Capital gains tax and reduced stamp duty experiment. Building on the differentiated stamp duty, this experiment further reduces the stamp duty rate and introduces capital gains tax to explore the impact of a progressive stamp duty reduction and the introduction of capital gains tax on investor trading and market tax revenue. Lowering the stamp duty rate will further reduce trading costs, promoting market activity. The progressive capital gains tax is designed to stabilize the financial market and encourage long-term value investments while maintaining overall market tax balance.(4)Increased capital gains tax and exemption from stamp duty experiment. Building on the previous experiment of capital gains tax and reduced stamp duty, this experiment further exempts stamp duty and raises the capital gains tax rate to explore the impact of exempting stamp duty and increasing capital gains tax on investor trading and market tax revenue. Exempting stamp duty will further reduce trading costs and increase market activity. The progressive increase in capital gains tax ensures overall market tax balance.The research findings show that compared to the previous uniform 0.1% fixed stamp duty rate, implementing the current halved stamp duty rate along with a progressive and differentiated capital gains tax based on holding periods will effectively increase market trading volume without affecting the total tax revenue. From the perspective of balancing market activity and tax revenue, this article suggests considering a pilot program in the A-share market to levy capital gains tax while further reducing or exempting stamp duty.

Key words: capital gains tax, stamp duty rate, artificial stock market

CLC Number: