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主管:中国科学院
主办:中国优选法统筹法与经济数学研究会
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Table of Content

    20 April 2014, Volume 22 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue
    Hedging Effectiveness of the Hushen 300 Stock Index Futures Contracts
    DAI Jun, ZHU Xin-ling
    2014, 22 (4):  1-8. 
    Abstract ( 3365 )   PDF (978KB) ( 2589 )   Save
    The correct calculation of stock index futures' hedge ratios depends on a number of parameters including: the investors' objectives and level of risk aversion; the models that are used to estimate empirically the optimal hedgers; and whether in-sample or out-of-sample horizons. A framework is present in this paper that can be utilized to investigate the influence of above factors on the determination of Hushen 300 stock index futures' hedge ratios by empirical research. Firstly, asymmetric basis is inserted into the VECM-GARCH model to deal with the asymmetric effect of basis on the time-varying variance-covariance of index futures and spot returns and its impacts on dynamic hedging. Then the hedging effect of six models including VECM-GARCH-X is studied by the standards of minimum variance and utility maximizing both in-sample and out-of-samples. The effect of risk-aversion coefficients on the choice of the most suitable model is also investigated. The data sets used consist of daily (545 prices) cash and futures prices of the Hushen 300 stock index futures market from 16 April 2010 to 16 July 2012. Results indicate that the basis effect is asymmetric, and the model with the asymmetric effect provides greater risk reduction in general. But under the general risk-aversion coefficient the enhanced utility cannot make up the additional transaction costs from the dynamic hedging strategies, so constant hedging model like OLS can perform better in reality. Moreover, the choice of the best hedging model has great relation with the investors' risk-aversion coefficients. The higher the risk-aversion coefficients is, the better the dynamic hedging models perform, which is testified by the research of optimal rebalancing frequencies at the end of paper. The main contribution of this study is to present more realistic thread of analysis and theoretical direction, thus such research results possess the great practical significance and practical value.
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    Stochastic Reserves Development Methods Based on the Correlation Among Paid-Incurred Payments Data and Their Improvement
    DUAN Bai-ge, ZHANG Lian-zeng
    2014, 22 (4):  9-16. 
    Abstract ( 2053 )   PDF (2185KB) ( 1457 )   Save
    Three stochastic reserves development methods are innovatively proposed in this paper considering the correlation between paid-incurred payments data, i.e. based on non-parametric Bootstrap method with pairwise resampling, based on bivariate normal distribution, and based on Copulas function. Combined the classic run-off triangles data in the non-life actuarial practice, a complete programming for three stochastic reserve development methods is provided based on the correlation with R software. Further, the complete predictive distributions of ultimate loss, outstanding claims reserves and IBNR are simulated. The proposed stochastic reserve development methods based on the correlation not only consider the correlation between the paid payments and the incurred payments, but also reflect the development difference of incurred and reported outstanding claims reserves in different accident years. Such ideas and methods considering correlation have important theoretical significance and practical value for multivariate reserving.
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    The Behavioral Study of Chinese Investors Based on The VARX under Abnormalities
    SHI Yong-dong, TIAN Yuan-bo
    2014, 22 (4):  17-24. 
    Abstract ( 1786 )   PDF (1943KB) ( 1637 )   Save
    Based on the market data and macroeconomic variables, behaviors and decision-making of Chinese stock investors are studied by VARX model under the abnormalities with introducing the dummies that represented the Big Bull Market and the Big Bear Market, and principal sources of influence on investors' behavioral changes are analysed by applying the impulse response and variance decomposition on the basis of Cholesky orthogonal decomposition. The main conclusions are as follows. Firstly, there are numerous irrational elements and speculation factors. Secondly, Chinese investors have more intense emotional changes in the Big Bear than in the Big Bull. At last, the behavioral changes of Chinese investors are barely influence by the macro-economy, but the bond market and the international stock market are the principal factors which affect the investors' behavioral changes.
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    Research on the Cost-sharing of Adopting RFID Technology among Supply Chain Enterprises
    ZHANG Li-hao, FAN Ti-jun
    2014, 22 (4):  25-35. 
    Abstract ( 1734 )   PDF (1470KB) ( 1477 )   Save
    As the core technology of "Internet of Things", the adoption of RFID has been extended to supply chain management and also brought a great convenience. But now the fact is that the upstream firms invest but the downstream enterprises benefit in current situation, which greatly damages the initiative of upstream enterprises to adopt RFID technology. In order to improve the effective of supply chain with RFID technology, the reasonable cost allocation of RFID needs to be solved first. In this paper, considering several typical supply chain contracts which suit for different industries, the corresponding cost allocation models of RFID are established such as the wholesale price contract, revenue-sharing contract, buy-back contract. Through rigorous mathematical derivation, the cost thresholds at which RFID technology investment becomes profitable and get a reasonable region of cost allocation coefficient with different contracts are obtained. Further, a scientific allocation basis are providecl when the supply chain enterprises investing in RFID technology.
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    The Analysis of Supply Chain Optimal Strategy Based on Manufacturers’ Effort
    GANG Hao, TANG Xiao-wo
    2014, 22 (4):  36-41. 
    Abstract ( 1399 )   PDF (1084KB) ( 1251 )   Save
    In this paper, the structure of industrial competition is studied in global market's view, and the structure of upper supply chain is constructed in Two-echelon. Applying the basic idea of game theory, utility function of manufacturer is established based on two kinds of competition strategies, and possible competition strategies of manufacturers and supplier are analyzed under asymmetric and symmetric conditions. The results indicate: manufacturers would have three Nash equilibrium strategies under the two conditions and supplier would be possible to choose cost per unit in terms of opportunism. This study will provide a valuable guidance to the decision of supply chain.
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    The Replenishment Policy and Optimal Shelf Space of the Inventory Competitive Product Under VMI
    YANG Jian-gong, QING Qian-long
    2014, 22 (4):  42-50. 
    Abstract ( 1651 )   PDF (940KB) ( 2028 )   Save
    Based on previous research[1], by analyzing FKO model and taking the inventory competitive product (ICP)'s demand nature into consider, an appropriate model is built by using the dynamic programming method to determine the optimal shelf space which has never been considered in the traditional system. Chone hand, the optimality of supplier's multiperiod dynamic replenishment policy under VMI is verified, which to some extent develops the FKO model. On the other hand, it can be learnt that it is optimal for the ICP supplier to follow a replenishment-up-to policy under different VMI environments by a periodic review strategy. The supplier's multiperiod decisions for the optimal inventory levels held in the retailer's shelf space are myopic, thus the single-period optimal inventory level under VMI revenue-sharing contract can determine the optimal shelf space.
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    Supply Chain Coordination Strategy for Ameliorating Items Based on Quantity Discount
    WANG Yong, SUN Hai-lei, CHEN Xiao-xu
    2014, 22 (4):  51-57. 
    Abstract ( 1519 )   PDF (874KB) ( 1525 )   Save
    A two-echelon supply chain of ameliorating items consisting of a retailer and a supplier is presented in this paper to achieve the supply chain coordination. The coordination problem of the supply chain is studied by taking quantity discount as incentives under the assumption of the lot-for-lot policy. It can be found that the optimal strategy is achieved with quantity discount provided by the supplier. The numerical example is given to illustrate that the optimal strategy is very effective in improving the coordination of the supply chain. The sensitivity of the total cost of the supply chain with respect to amelioration rate and demand rate has also been presented at last.
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    Demand-driven Simulation on the Mobile Value Chain Based on Multi-stage Game
    WEI Xiao-chao, HU Bin, NIE Gui-hua
    2014, 22 (4):  58-66. 
    Abstract ( 1996 )   PDF (2573KB) ( 1702 )   Save
    Based on the game theory and diffusion theory, a multi-agent system is implemented to study the collaboration mechanism in demand driven mobile value chain. The value chain in mobile commerce is used as an example to obtain market demand data. Firstly, a traditional bass diffusion model based on system dynamics theory is expanded to depict the mobile product or service diffusion, which taking the repeat purchase into consideration. Secondly, a cooperative game model driven by real-time demand is built to examine the partner selection between mobile operators and service providers. Thirdly, an evolution game model is explored to investigate the collaboration in dynamic alliance of service providers, by which the market demand is satisfied. Then the integrated simulation system is rerun for several times, and analyzed by the life cycle theory. Simulation analytical and numerical results lend insight into how the industry profit is impacted by the market factors and mobile value chain factors, which contribute some decision support for mobile value chain.
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    Discovery of E-Commerce Users’ Interest Navigation Patterns Based on Hidden Markov Chains Model
    ZHU Zhi-guo
    2014, 22 (4):  67-73. 
    Abstract ( 1590 )   PDF (1403KB) ( 2253 )   Save
    Intelligent discovery of users' navigation pattern has been a hot research issue in the E-Commerce field in recent years. In this paper, users' access interests are defined by combining the information of users' time duration on a page with the keywords on the pages in the E-Commerce Website. The Interest Navigational Path Model is constructed based on the classical Hidden Markov Chains Model. Next, the discovery method for user's interest navigational paths and corresponding mining algorithm are presented. Finally, the experiments are conducted with simulative data, real datasets collected from an online Bookselling B-to-C E-commerce site. Furthermore, the comparative experiment with a classical algorithm is conducted. The experimental results show that the presented model and algorithm can accurately and efficiently find the paths information associated with users' access interests. The method can be adopted as a more effective and practical tool for intelligent navigation discovery oriented to the E-Commerce field.
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    Investment Decision of Venture Capital Syndication Based on Learning Effect of Signal Transfer Process
    WANG Lei
    2014, 22 (4):  74-82. 
    Abstract ( 1594 )   PDF (1279KB) ( 1370 )   Save
    Because the product of venture capital project has enormous uncertainty, a single venture capital which is restrained by his resource hardly can make accurate evaluation. As a result, the leading venture capital needs to associate with other venture capital to make syndicating investment. By introducing the venture capitalist's costs of risk aversion, costs of effort and strategic benefits, three-stage investment decision model is established in this paper to discuss the problem of syndicating investment decision in venture capital with learning effect of signaling theory, which proceeds from brand-new perspective of information economics. The leading VC use Bayesian rule to amend the prior belief based on the signal of following VC's project evaluation, and then adjusts his own project evaluation. Through the learning effect of signaling between the partner syndicating investments to seek the cooperation interval of syndication in venture capital, the success rate of venture capital can be increased then, The conclusion has important reference value to the practice of syndicate investment decision-making. Study variables and parameters involved in the decision-making process to the empirical data in this article are obtained mainly from the two ways, firstly, using likert five-point scale to measure the basic variables, which are the venture capitalist's costs of risk aversion and effort, strategic benefits. Other experience variables such as project success probability and output level type, need to be estimated based on the venture capitalists ability and industry experience. In the numerical example, through the analysis of the syndicate investment decision-making process of the two projects, the conclusion is completely consistent with the theoretical model, verified the theoretical model is scientific and validity.
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    A Decision Knowledge Discovery Method for Multi-attribute Cases with Non-continuous Features
    LIANG Chang-yong, GU Dong-xiao, CHENG Wen-juan, YANG Chang-hui, GU Zuo-zuo
    2014, 22 (4):  83-91. 
    Abstract ( 1436 )   PDF (1211KB) ( 1530 )   Save
    The information with non-continuous features is ubiquitous in diagnosis and treatment decision making cases. The knowledge acquisition of the cases with this kind of feature has always been a key and bottleneck in multi-attribute case decision making. In this paper, conditional probability and GAs are integrated into case-based reasoning technology to develop an extension method of traditional KNN——CRMGACP algorithm, which includes a GAs-based weight determination method and an improved similarity algorithm integrating the conditional probability. Collecting data from AH Hospital, which is one of large-scale hospitals in Anhui province, CancerCBRSys is developed as the experimental tool for tests. Experimental study is competed by comparing the performance amongst four different case-based reasoning methods. The results show that CRMGACP has the best performance and shows significant advantage in various statistics. In general, CRM-GACP solves the problem of knowledge discovery from non-continuous cases and is hopeful to be a powerful decision-making tool in the research area of clinical decision making.
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    Behavioral Game Research of Emergency Management Cooperation for Unexpected Water Disaster
    ZHANG Le, WANG Hui-min, TONG Jin-ping
    2014, 22 (4):  92-97. 
    Abstract ( 1551 )   PDF (1424KB) ( 1577 )   Save
    The cooperation behavior within multi-agents is discussed at the background of the emergency management for unexpected water disasters in this paper. Firstly, Cooperative utility is proposed, and the cooperative model with heterogeneity agents is constructed based on the experimental model of centipede game with uncertainty payoffs. Further, in emergency management for unespected water disaster, the influence that utility of cooperation variables may esert on the cooperation possibility is deeply studied. Finally, through an illustration, the propositions from this paper are testified.
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    An Approach on the Performance Evaluation Problems Based on Multiple DEA Models and Gini Criterion——Evaluating the Performance of Universities in China
    XUE Hui, ZHENG Zhong-hua, XIE Qi-wei
    2014, 22 (4):  98-104. 
    Abstract ( 1687 )   PDF (888KB) ( 1535 )   Save
    To deal with the problem that multiple DEA models might generate different performance evaluation results, an approach based on the Gini criterion is proposed by fusing the results together scientifically. Firstly, the purity of information based on the Gini criterion is defined to measure the certainty of the results, and then the weights are given to each DEA model. A unique set of comprehensive efficiencies can be obtained by weighting the results of each DEA model and the corresponding model weight. Moreover, considering the preference and priori information of estimators, interactive multiple DEA models and Gini criterion approach are further proposed. Measuring the performance of higher education colleges is one of important applications in DEA, and previous researches study the problem just choose the evaluation DEA model from a single point of view. It would be more comprehensive and objective if multiple DEA models that are from multiple points of view are used. Consequently, applying the proposed method to evaluate the performance of 25 science and engineering universities in 2011, and the empirical results show that the approach is reasonable and effective, which has practical significance in the research of measuring the performance of higher education colleges.
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    Generalized Precedence Ordering Method with Ranking Preference for Time Series-based Multi-attribute Decision Making
    ZHANG Xiao-zhi, ZHU Chuan-xi, ZHU Li
    2014, 22 (4):  105-111. 
    Abstract ( 1776 )   PDF (889KB) ( 1503 )   Save
    It is necessary to consider the decision information in more time series for many complex multiple attribute decision making problems in practice. According to this time series-based multi-attribute decision making problem, generalized precedence ordering number is defined on the basis of precedence ordering method. Meanwhile, a new method based on ideal time weight is given to determine the time weight in the time series-based multi-attribute decision making. Then the generalized precedence ordering method with ranking preference of time series-based multi-attribute decision making is proposed. Finally, by using the data in the literature, an example is given to assess the comprehensive benefits of four copper company in one group, and the result shows the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. This paper provides a new way to solve the time series-based multi-attribute decision making problem.
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    Decision Analysis Method for Two-Sided Satisfied Matching Considering Stable Matching Condition
    FAN Zhi-ping, LI Ming-yang, YUE Qi
    2014, 22 (4):  112-118. 
    Abstract ( 1951 )   PDF (1036KB) ( 2020 )   Save
    Two-sided matching problem refers to how to obtain proper matching result from two disjoint sets of agents according to the preference information of each agent for potential partners from the opposite set. It is a research topic with extensive practical backgrounds in the field of economic management and attracts the attention of many scholars. In this paper, a decision analysis method for two-sided satisfied matching considering stable matching condition is proposed to solve the two-sided matching problem, in which the preference ordinal numbers are provided by agents on both sides. Firstly, the related concepts on two-sided matching, stable matching and satisfied matching are given. Then, considering the stable matching condition, a multi-objective two-sided matching optimization model which maximizes the satisfaction degrees of two-sided agents is constructed. Furthermore, the linear weighted method is used to convert the multi-objective optimization model into a single-objective optimization model, and the optimal matching result can be obtained by solving the model. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the practicality and effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper.
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    Research and Application of Error Comprehensive Evaluation Method
    HUANG Hao-ran, GUO Kai-zhong, ZHENG Qi
    2014, 22 (4):  119-123. 
    Abstract ( 1521 )   PDF (852KB) ( 1404 )   Save
    For comprehensive evaluation problem including qualitative index, linear and nonlinear compensation index, a new error comprehensive evaluation method is proposed. Based on the concepts of Error, error-function and error-value, the maximum loss value, important index, key index, redundant index and various types of error-function are given. The error-loss-value could be calculated by using the Error-value and maximum loss value, which is the basis of comprehensive evaluation. Furthermore, The construction of the wastewater treatment plant is chosen for evaluation. The result shows that error comprehensive evaluation can quantify the qualitative index effectively and also be good at deal with the linear and nonlinear compensation evaluated problem.
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    Control of Large Shareholder, Operation of Group’s Internal Capital Market and Corporate Cash Holdings
    LIU Xing, JI Fang, HAO Ying
    2014, 22 (4):  124-133. 
    Abstract ( 1443 )   PDF (931KB) ( 1359 )   Save
    Based on listed companies' high cash holdings and the rapid development of groups, the member companies' cash holdings by internal capital market operation, as well the different mechanism to the cash holdings in different internal governance environment from the two dimensions of financing constraints and agent conflicts are investigated. Based on empirical date sample of A-share listed companies from 2007 to 2010, it can be found that firstly, the operation of the group's internal capital market affect the cash holdings of its member companies in two ways—financing constraints and agency conflicts. On the whole, the cash holding of the group members is higher than an independent enterprise.Secondly, In different internal governance environment, the degree of the impact of cash holdings by the precautionary motive and agency motivation is different. When the agent problem is more serious, the increasing extent of cash holdings caused by the agent motivation is greater than the decreasing extent caused by the weakening of the precautionary motive, and thus results in a higher cash holdings compared to independent enterprises.At last, when the agency problem is more serious, the adjustment speed of member companies' cash holdings to the target cash holdings is slower. And the adjustment semi-long cycle is longer. The above findings enrich the corporate organization theory and corporate finance theory, and also provide new evidence of how governance mechanisms affect the companies' financial decision-making from the point of view of the operation of group's internal capital market.
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    Durables Monopoly’s Buy-back and Remanufacturing Decision Based on the Consumer’s Utility Model
    LIU Dong-xia, TAN De-qing
    2014, 22 (4):  134-141. 
    Abstract ( 1597 )   PDF (1303KB) ( 1708 )   Save
    Based on the consumer utility model, the monopoly's buy-back and remanufacturing decisions under the second-hand market are discussed in a two-period dynamic model. Several conclusions are obtained. First of all, only if the manufacturing cost and remanufacturing cost are lower than the critical values, the durable goods monopoly should choose the buy-back and remanufacturing strategy. Secondly, the remanufacturing strategy not only cannibalize sales of the second-hand market, but also lead to the market growth. Moreover, the higher the manufacturing cost is, the more obvious the cannibalization effect and growth effect are. The monopoly can gain more profits by increasing the consumer's willingness to pay for the remanufacturing durable goods and the remanufacturing cost savings.
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    Aggregating Decision Model in Organization-Employee Development Matching based on Performance Origin Analysis
    YU Shun-kun, WANG Qiao-lian, YIN Chang-jie
    2014, 22 (4):  142-148. 
    Abstract ( 1645 )   PDF (1459KB) ( 1660 )   Save
    Because of the needs of human resource support which is matched to the development of core business, it is particularly important to build model on organization-employee development fitness. Aimed at the problem of organization-employee development fitness of middle-level cadres in power enterprises, a model is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the indexes and dimensions for organization-employee development fitness with behavior characteristic characterization are filtered and extracted based on the analysis sources of performance in middle-level cadres. Secondly, with application of DLWA and other operators, operator, several phase performance information and objective decision information are integrated. Then, multi-attribute development fitness is evaluated by Expert Group. Finally, aggregate model aggregated by decision matrix judgment matrix is applied to aggregate basis information for decision-making and preference information for judgment, forming the priority sequence of matching, which provides data support for fitness decision-making, and lays the foundation of organization-employee development fitness degree and performance improvement of employees.
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